Effects of wind shear in Sailing and Olympic Sailing Tickets

Wind shear affects sailboats in motion by presenting a different wind speed and direction at different heights along the mast. Wind shear occurs because of friction above a water surface slowing the flow of air. Thus, a difference in true wind creates a different apparent wind at different heights.

Sail makers may introduce sail twist in the design of the sail, where the head of the sail is set at a different angle of attack from the foot of the sail in order to change the lift distribution with height. The effect of wind shear can be factored into the selection of twist in the sail design, but this can be difficult to predict since wind shear may vary widely in different weather conditions. Sailors may also adjust the trim of the sail to account for wind gradient, for example, using a boom vang.

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Apparent Wind Sailing and Olympic Sailing Tickets

The wind that a boat experiences is the combination of the true wind and the wind that occurs due to the forward motion of the boat. This combination is the apparent wind, which is the relative velocity of the wind relative to the boat.

When sailing upwind, the apparent wind is greater than the true wind and the direction of the apparent wind will be forward of the true wind. Some high-performance boats are capable of traveling faster than the true wind speed on some points of sail, see for example the Hydrosphere, which set a world speed record in 2009 by sailing 1.71 times the speed of the wind. Iceboats can typically sail at 5 times the speed of the wind.

The energy that drives a sailboat is harnessed by manipulating the relative movement of wind and water speed: if there is no difference in movement, such as on a calm day or when the wind and water current are moving in the same direction at the same speed, there is no energy to be extracted and the sailboat will not be able to do anything but drift. Where there is a difference in motion, then there is energy to be extracted at the interface. The sailboat does this by placing the sail(s) in the air and the hull(s) in the water.

A sailing vessel is not maneuverable due to sails alone the forces caused by the wind on the sails would cause the vessel to rotate and travel sideways instead of moving forward. In the same manner that an aircraft requires stabilizers, such as a tail plane with elevators as well as wings, a boat requires a keel and rudder. The forces on the sails as well as those from below the water line on the keel, centerboard, and other underwater foils including the hull itself combine and partially cancel each other to produce the motive force for the vessel. Thus, the physical portion of the boat that is below water can be regarded as functioning as a "second sail." The flow of water over the underwater hull portions creates hydrodynamic forces, which combine with the aerodynamic forces from the sails to allow motion in almost any direction except straight into the wind. When sailing close to the wind, the force generated by the sail acts at 90° to the sail. This force can be considered as split into small force acting in the direction of travel, as well as a large sideways force that heels the boat. To enable maximum forward speed, the force needs to be cancelled out, perhaps using human ballast, leaving only a smaller forward resultant force. Depending on the efficiency of the rig and hull, the angle of travel relative to the true wind can be as little as 35° or may need to be 80° or greater. This angle is half of the tacking angle and defines one side of a 'no go zone' into the wind, in which a vessel cannot sail directly.

Tacking is essential when sailing upwind. The sails, when correctly adjusted, will generate aerodynamic lift. When sailing downwind, the sails no longer generate aerodynamic lift and airflow is stalled, with the wind push on the sails giving drag only. As the boat is going downwind, the apparent wind is less than the true wind and this, allied to the fact that the sails are not producing aerodynamic lift, serves to limit the downwind speed. You can buy Olympic Sailing Tickets to watch it live. You can purchase Olympic Sailing Tickets from Global Ticket Market. Global Ticket Market offers you all sorts of Olympic Tickets at very reasonable price. Especially, Olympic Sailing Tickets are being sold at very cheap rates at Global Ticket Market.

Sailing Terminology and Olympic Sailing Tickets

Sailors use traditional nautical terms for the parts of or directions on a vessel: starboard (right), port or larboard, forward or fore, aft or abaft, bow “forward part of the hull”, stern “aft part of the hull” and beam “the widest part”. Vertical spars are masts; horizontal spars are booms, yards, gaffs or poles.

In most cases, rope is the term used only for raw material. Once a section of rope is designated for a particular purpose on a vessel, it generally is called a line, as in outhaul line or dock line. A very thick line is considered a cable. Lines that are attached to sails to control their shapes are called sheets, as in main sheet. If a rope is made of wire, it maintains its rope name as in 'wire rope' halyard.

Lines (generally steel cables) that support masts are stationary and are collectively known as a vessel's standing rigging, and individually as shrouds or stays. The stay running forward from a mast to the bow is called the forestay or head stay. Stays running aft are backstays or after stays.

Moveable lines that control sails or other equipment are known collectively as a vessel's running rigging. Lines that raise sails are called halyards while those that strike them are called downhauls. Lines that adjust the sails are called sheets. These are often referred to using the name of the sail they control (such as main sheet, or jib sheet). Sail trim may also be controlled with smaller lines attached to the forward section of a boom such as a Cunningham; a line used to hold the boom down is called a vang, or a kicker in the United Kingdom. A topping lift is used to hold a boom up in the absence of sail tension.

Walls are called bulkheads or ceilings, while the surfaces referred to as ceilings on land are called 'overheads'. Floors are called 'soles' or decks. The toilet is traditionally called the 'head', the kitchen is the galley. When lines are tied off, this may be referred to as 'made fast' or 'belayed.' Sails in different sail plans have unchanging names, however. For the naming of sails, see sail-plan.

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Sail Boat and Olympic Sailing Tickets

A sailboat or sailing boat is a boat propelled partly or entirely by sails. The term covers a variety of boats, larger than small vessels such as sailboards and smaller than sailing ships, but distinctions in the size are not strictly defined and what constitutes a sailing ship, sailboat, or a smaller vessel varies by region and culture.

The Hull is the body of a sailboat. The front of the hull is called the bow, and the rear is called a stern. Almost all sailboats have either a keel or a centerboard. These flat pieces of metal or wood extend into the water from the bottom of the hull to prevent movement from the either side. A keel is fixed in place. But a centerboard can be raised or lowered through a slot in the bottom of a hull. Some boats, such as inland scows, may have two centerboards known as bilge boards. Spars are poles that support the sails. They include masts, booms and gaffs. Masts are upright poles that hold the sails. The mainmasts hold the largest sail. Some large sailboats have shorter masts, called a mizzenmast, toward the stern or a shorter foremast toward the bow. Booms and gaffs are the poles that extend at right angles to the masts and hold the sails straight out. Booms are fastened to the bottom of the sail and gaffs are fastened to the top. The mainsail is fastened to the back of mainmast. A smaller, triangular sail in front of a mainmast is called a jib. A large jib that overlaps the mast and stretches far back next to the mainsail is called a Genoa jib, after the Italian port it was first used. The spinnaker is a large, balloon-shaped sail used for added speed when a boat sails with the wind. Spinnakers are often made in red, blue and other bright colors. Dacron has largely replaced cotton as a material for sails. This material is strong and tightly woven, and holds it shape well no matter how strong the wind blows. But spinnakers are usually of nylon, which is strong, light and elastic. Nylon is too elastic for other sails. It includes the ropes used in a sailboat. Standing rigging is permanent and supports the masts. It includes stays that run from the bow to the mast, and shrouds that run from the beam to the masthead. Running rigging consists of ropes used to adjust the sails and booms. The ropes that raise and lower the sails are called halyards. Those used to trim the sails are called sheets.

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